Mamie in the UK as far as I know, fuel bills are not used to assess energy efficiency as peoples heating patterns are so varied. If you took a pair of semis with exactly the same level of insulation and two households of identical age and size, one neighbour could have fuel bills twice the size of the other because they have the heating on longer, on a higher setting and keep a lot of windows open. Here, the energy assessors use a basic energy efficiency calculator developed by the Building Research Establishment that calculates how energy efficient a house is based on how well insulated walls, roof, windows and floors are and assessing the efficiency of the CH boiler, whether there are any open chimneys and whether the lights all have low energy bulbs. However the software is based on the assumption that everyone lives in an absolutely standard modern built house with cavity brick walls, tiled roofs and double glazed windows.
This caused endless problems for those of us living in houses which do not conform to the software norm. particularly where the materials used in the construction were not known or were mixed. So many problems that since the beginning of this year all Listed Buildings have been exempted from the regulations and no longer need to get an energy efficiency rating.
This is quite a relief, not that we are thinking of moving, but we were curious how the assessor was going to assess our house where the ground floor at the back is double brick with a narrow cavity (1960's), an end wall and a quarter of the front is single brick (late 19th century) but half of which has been insulated inside (21st century). the rest is wattle and daub (15th century), but again about a third of the walls have internal insulation(21st century), Oh, the roof (15th century) is standard clay tiled(19th century(?)) and has the recommended 300mms of roof insulation.