Loss of temper

If he has always had this temperament, how have you coped throughout your years together?
If it was new or unexpected one might be thinking signs of dementia but if he has always been like this I can only guess it is perhaps reflecting the increasingly short “rope” many men seem to have as they get older.
If you are truly terrified, you need to get help or get out.
Somehow, in as calm moment the two of you need to talk,

If I were living with a man like your husband, I’d be very inclined to turn to him and say ‘stop being so dam silly, get over yourself’. Then vacate the room pronto so he can tantrum on his own.

I’m so sorry you have been subject to these unpleasant and frightening outbursts for so long. It doesn’t matter if they are short-lived, it’s what they are doing to you in the meantime.
It all sounds upsetting and hugely selfish on his part.

I have no constructive advice Sallywally1, but just to say it sounds a horrible situation for you at this end of your life and marriage.
Is he physically violent? Do you fear physical violence?

Maybe speak to Womens aid for practical advice. Or your GP.
Have you family to talk to? Has anyone else been party to these outbursts?
I doubt very much you cause these outbursts so don't feel to blame. You say he is trying to change can you get joinf counselling help via your GP to work towards this "change".
You shouldn't have to walk on eggshells.

Please don't blame yourself. His reaction is his responsibility.

SallyWally
You say that he is trying to change.
Has he watched any videos on YouTube such as this one.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYEZlDxhiCM

I’m not suggesting that this is the right one for him but it’s a start.

My DH is prone to exploding over what I consider to be trivial things. He comes round after a period of silence and sulking. I think it’s pathetic in a grown man. He’s not violent but I am sometimes wary of upsetting him. It does taint the relationship. Otherwise he’s fun and caring as well as extremely helpful. His dad was the same so he’ll never change. Retired men can be difficult.

Anger management course?
If he does want to change he could really learn.