I expect it's the way they were "made". As I recall - cultured pearls (which I think is most of them???) are made by deliberately inserting a bit of grit inside an oyster (for it to cover by making a pearl around it) - that I do know - and I presume it's painful for the oyster.
Beyond that - well I presume the oysters are killed when retrieving the pearl after it has formed.
So I expect that's the reason no-one wears them anymore - ie the same as no-one wears fur coats any more.
My mother offered to pass on her cultured pearls to me years back now - and I refused them.
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