Lathyrus
Mmm, I think I get what you’re saying about debts don’t count on the balance sheet for tax purposes.
I don’t think I really see how it works in terms of payouts to shareholders though. I mean they get money that isn’t really there, I think.
Surely it means that it’s very easy for a Board to borrow enormous sums to make it look as if a business is really profitable when, in reality, it is insolvent. Then they make big dividend and bonus payments and go bust.
That’s tough on their suppliers who are at the bottom of the insolvency queue.
To clear up some of points, I hope simply:
A Profit and Loss Account (P & L) is a summary of a company's trading throughout it's accounting period - ie sales, fees, direct costs, indirect costs and expenses. It will also include depreciation.
A Balance Sheet (BS) is a snapshot of the state of the company's financial affairs as at the year end. This will include debtors (unpaid sales invoices) and creditors (unpaid purchase invoices and loans made to the company)
Purchases of capital items - equipment, property etc. are not allowable expenses. These items are depreciated annually and the depreciation is deducted in the company's accounts. Depreciation is meant to provide funds for the replacement of those assets. It is added back in the tax computations. Thus, if the profit after depreciation of £10k, is £100k then the taxable profit is £110k.
The company can claim capital allowances against the cost of their assets at varying rates. Thus, supposing the company in my example had spent £110k on equipment then they could claim the annual investment allowance of 100% and there have no tax to pay.
At 31 March 2021 TW had a net loss of £258.1 m. At 1 April 2020 they had retained earnings of £2016.3 m. If you deduct the loss from the second figure, you get £1758.2 m. If you then deducted the retained earnings as at 31 March 2021 of £1604.6 m you get a difference of £34.6 m. This will be taxation and dividends. That is how they manage to pay dividends, despite making a loss, from retained earnings brought forward from previous year.
TW has a very complicated financial set up including a company called Thames Water Utilities Holdings PLC. It has an accumulated loss of £666.7 m and on paper is insolvent. There will be a link between these two companies I think, unless it's through the 1/3 company. I don't have the expertise or the time to delve further.
I would just add that most companies operate with form of borrowing. You just have to think of the line,certainly for manufacturing companies who have to pay their workforce and their suppliers before they can sell their product and be paid.
I used to work (in the dim and distant past) for one of the top 3 accountancy practices in the UK. They ran on an overdraft and each December they did not partners' quarterly profit shares and delayed suppliers payments until 1 January or a little bit late. The reason being is that they had show their bank that on one day a year the bank account balance was a debit (ie was not overdrawn)
If you want to see TW's accounts for 2020/21 here's the links
www.thameswater.co.uk/media-library/home/about-us/investors/our-results/previous-reports/2020-21/annual-report.pdf
ttps://www.thameswater.co.uk/media-library/home/about-us/investors/debt-investors/thames-water-utilities/thames-water-utilities-holdings/annual-report-2021-22.pdf