Common Causes of Death in Folk SongsDrowning: Submersion is a frequent fate, whether accidental or malicious. Examples include The Cruel Sister (pushed by a jealous sibling) and The Outlandish Knight (drowning a deceitful lover).Murder and Execution: Violent stabbings, hangings, and poisonings drive the entire subgenre of "murder ballads". Famous examples include Knoxville Girl, Long Lankin, and execution songs for highwaymen.Broken Heart / Grief: Many lovers pass away simply from sorrow after the death or betrayal of a partner, as heard in Barbara Allan.War and Combat: Soldiers falling in the "cruel wars" make up a massive percentage of traditional British and American broadside ballads.Mistaken Identity: A tragic and bizarrely specific trope where a hunter mistakes a lover for a swan or animal, famously found in Polly Vaughn.Supernatural and Fairy Abduction: Characters are spirited away by the Queen of Elfhand, cursed by mothers, or lured away by the Devil (The Daemon Lover).Exposure: Wandering off, getting lost in dark woods, and laying down to die.
I've always rather liked this one, especially the last one; the graph is better but I can't copy it...