I am rarely bothered about going out in the dark - its my husband who worries. I make sure I am hyper aware of my surroundings, and have some self defence training. We also live in a fairly safe area. Going back a couple of decades when it was not so safe where we lived, lets just say I used to keep something in my pocket. I also think perpetrators pick certain types - some women scream "victim" with the way they hold themselves and looking really nervous. I am not the type of person they look for (neither young nor elderly) and I walk with confidence - the one time someone tried to mug me I fought him off, was wrestling with him in the middle of the street, adrenaline presumably and wouldn't advise anyone to do that. Sensible precautions obviously - I would not recommend anyone, male or female, to be walking through a deserted park/woods at night alone. Stick to well lit areas as much as possible. Carry a rape alarm if you like - they are deafening and will scare off most attackers. Shame we can't use mace/pepper spray here in the UK though.