Even much more recently than this, it wasn't normal for women to wear their hair short. Girls wore it hanging down or loosely tied, while adult women wore it fastened up. It was only after the First World War, in the 1920s, that short, bobbed hair it became common in Britain. My Granny, born about 1875, never had her hair cut in almost a century.
Chopping off a woman's hair has often been used to humiliate her and take away her womanliness. Women who were thought to have fraternised with enemy soldiers sometimes had their hair cut off as a punishment and a mark of shame.