ADHD is very real and the effects can be very challenging. I find that the official diagnostic criteria don't really capture all of the difficulties and traits of people with ADHD. I have not got an official diagnosis of ADHD, but we very strongly suspect I have it. My stepdaughter brought it up to my husband because she recognized in me behaviours and traits she sees in friends of hers that have an official diagnosis. As I began to read more and to watch videos about the lived experience of people with ADHD, I recognized myself. It was actually very freeing and very healing. I had known since I was about six or seven years old that I was "different" from other children. Now that difference has a name and an explanation.
A few facts:
1. ADHD is characterized by a lack of dopamine in the brain. This is why people with ADHD seek out novelty and have difficulty with mundane tasks - it's about getting the dopamine hit.
2. ADHD is primarily a dysregulation issue. As one individual put it, most people have sort of a "dimmer" or "fade" switch for their brain functions (similar to a DJ control board or the dimmer switch on some lights where you can control the level of brightness). ADHDers don't have that. We have on/off switches - and that's it. We are either totally in or totally out. This is why we can get super into something and why we can have mood swings.
3. The official term ADHD is a bit of a misnomer because we don't always struggle with attention. If we're doing something we really enjoy, we can go into what's called "hyperfocus" mode where we become totally engrossed in our current activity. (Some days I forget to eat because I get caught up in something, for example.) Some people can experience severe rage if their hyperfocus is interrupted.
4. ADHD is highly heritable. If someone is diagnosed with ADHD, there's an 80% chance at least one of their parents has ADHD too. If someone with ADHD has a child, there's a 20% chance that the child will also have ADHD.
5. Some of the characteristics of people with ADHD that aren't necessarily included or obvious in the official criteria: poor working memory, creative thinking, good at solving puzzles, low frustration tolerance, mood swings, strong sense of justice, rejection sensitivity dysphoria (see below), and even being clumsy. They have identified that there are differences in the cerebellum (part of the brain that controls balance and coordination) in ADHDers compared to healthy controls.
6. Rejection sensitivity dysphoria (RSD). This is almost universal in ADHDers. We are incredibly sensitive to any kind of rejection, even if it's perceived rejection. For example, if our boss says they want a meeting, our first thought is typically "I'm going to be fired". Or if our partner says we need to talk, our first thought is "I'm being dumped". Even something as simple as telling an ADHDer you have plans but they can come if they want can result in feelings of rejection.
7. Executive function is hard for us. This includes things such as planning and organizing, even tidying up. We can look at a complete mess and be overwhelmed with no idea where to start. This is where body doubling (offering to sit with us as we begin a task) can be helpful.
8. ADHD is an explanation, not an excuse. We can learn to do better in some areas and there are lots of ways to help us, things we can implement and things others can do.
10. There are three subtypes of ADHD, inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined. Women and girls are more likely to have inattentive, which means they are more likely to be diagnosed later in life or not diagnosed at all.
I would personally recommend the book ADHD Is Awesome by Penn and Kim Holderness. Penn has ADHD and Kim is neurotypical. In the book, they describe the benefits and drawbacks of ADHD, how ADHDers can help themselves, and how neurotypical people can support a loved one with ADHD.