L Frank Baum. The winged monkeys he introduced into the Wizard of Oz were thought to represent the way in which Native Americans had been dealt with by the pioneers. Baum was editor of a weekly newspaper in South Dakota, at a time when the local economy was in a slump and tensions between settlers and Native Americans were high. He used his position to comment on political and social events, including the conflict with the Sioux Indians. He had an oddly mixed attitude - saddened by their plight, but supportive of the army, wiping them out, as the only way forward for the pioneers.
When they are introduced in the book, the Winged Monkeys appear as a fierce fighting band that destroy the Scarecrow, damage the Tin Woodman, and capture Dorothy and the Cowardly Lion. Later, when the monkeys are no longer under the control of the wicked witch of the west, and are helping Dorothy and her group, the king monkey explains their origin to Dorothy:
“Once,” began the leader, “we were a free people, living happily in the great forest, flying from tree to tree, eating nuts and fruit, and doing just as we pleased without calling anybody master. Perhaps some of us were rather too full of mischief at times, flying down to pull the tails of the animals that had no wings, chasing birds, and throwing nuts at the people who walked in the forest. But we were careless and happy and full of fun, and enjoyed every minute of the day.”