A friend of mine has made several. They are useful, I think - they can be worn over t shirts in winter, and on their own when the weather's warmer.
Fingering weight yarn = American for 4 ply
Twisted rib is where you knit the stitch in front, then the next stitch and drop them both off the needle at the same time (see YouTube)
Short rows are designed to shape (the back of the neck usually) but anything where you want a rounded shape. Again, there will be tutorials on YT, but it is easy - basically you knit so far along a row, turn the work, wrapping the yarn round the last knitted stitch, and go back again, so that part of the pattern has an extra row in it. The pattern will keep you right if you just do what it says without thinking about it too much.
No, you don't have to learn to knit again
. I don't think it is a complicated pattern, although I haven't knitted it myself.